12月双语解读：《铝镁制品机械加工粉尘防爆安全技术规范》(AQ 4272-2016)最新解读

　　2016年12月 新法提示

　　Tips For New Legislations in Dec. 2016

　　《铝镁制品机械加工粉尘防爆安全技术规范》(AQ 4272-2016)最新解读

　　Latest Interpretation of the Safety Specification For Prevention of Dust Explosions From the Mechanical Processing of Aluminums and Magnesium Products (AQ 4272-2016)

　　EHS.CN注：

　　Notes by EHS.CN

　　2016年1月18日，国家安监总局发布了《粉尘防爆安全规程》(GB15577-2007)的修订稿(相应的专业解读详见http://www.ehs.cn/article-19132-1.html)，该标准为行业通用性标准。即将于2017年3月1日实施的《铝镁制品机械加工粉尘防爆安全技术规范》(AQ 4272-2016)则对特定行业的粉尘防爆安全工作进行了规范。仅对其部分内容进行如下解读：

　　On January 18, 2016, the State Administration of Work Safety issued the draft version of the Safety Regulations for Dust Explosion Prevention and Protection (GB15577-2007) (please visit http://www.ehs.cn/article-19132-1.html for professional interpretation), which is the general standard for the industry. The Safety Specification For Prevention of Dust Explosions From the Mechanical Processing of Aluminums and Magnesium (AQ 4272-2016) coming into force on March 1, 2016, provides safety regulations of the prevention of dust explosions for particular industries. The followings are some interpretations.

　　一、粉尘爆炸环境分区及举例

　　Firstly, it is about the divisions of the dust explosive environment and examples

　　EHS.CN注：

　　Notes by EHS.CN

　　“20、21、22分区三类危险等级”是电力设备装置设计管理的管理手段，GB15577修订及AQ 4272-2016引入此管理手段，对粉尘爆炸危险环境分区，并进行举例，明确哪些区域确定属于粉尘爆炸危险区域，更有可操作性。

　　The "three dangerous classes of Zone 20, 21 and 22" are methods of design and management for electric power equipment, which are introduced into the revision of GB15577 and AQ 4272-2016, dividing the dangerous environment of dust explosion and offering examples, clarifying which areas belong to dangerous areas of dust explosion, being more practical.

       二、电气防爆

　　Secondly, it is about the explosion prevention of electrical installations.

　　AQ4272(征求意见稿)对铝镁粉尘环境爆炸危险场所内电气设备防爆类型提出了如下要求:(1)20区或21区内的电气设备应选用DIP A20或DIP A21、DIP B20或DIP B21型。(2)22区内的电气设备应选用DIP A21 (IP6X)、DIP B21型。(备注：DIP表示粉尘防爆)

　　AQ4272 (the consultation draft) proposes following requirements for the electrical installations in the explosive dangerous places with aluminum and magnesium powders: (1) electrical installations in Zone 20 or 21 shall choose DIP A20 or DIP A21, DIP B20 or DIP B21; (2) electrical installations in Zone 22 shall choose DIP A21 (IP6X), DIP B21. (Note: DIP represents dust ignition-proof)

　　AQ4272发布版则规定：

　　The regulations specified in the issued version of AQ4272:

　　8.1铝镁制品机械加工作业场所电气线路、电气装置应符合GB50168、GB50169、GB13955的要求。

　　8.1 Electrical circuit and electrical equipment in the mechanical processing work places of aluminum and magnesium products shall meet the requirements of GB50168, GB50169, GB13955.

　　8.2～8.3设置在粉尘环境爆炸危险区域电气设备、控制装置、监测报警装置的选型和安装应符合GB 12476.1、GB12476.2，电气连接应符合GB50058。

　　8.2～8.3 The choose and the type of electrical installations, controlling equipment, monitoring and warning equipment in the dangerous areas with dust explosions shall meet the requirements of GB12476.1 and GB12476.2, the electrical circuit shall meet the GB50058.

　　8.4防静电措施应符合GB12158，保护接地应符合GB50058。

　　8.4 Antistatic devices shall meet GB12158, the earthen system shall meet GB50058.

　　8.5电气设备、控制装置、监测报警装置的新装、更新和定期维护后，应进行绝缘电阻检测。

　　8.5 After the installation, renewal and regular maintenance, electrical installations, controlling equipment, monitoring and warning equipment shall go through the insulation resistance detection.

　　8.6电气线路、电气设备、控制装置、监测报警装置应无积尘。

　　8.6 There shall be no dust over the electrical circuit, electrical installations, controlling equipment, monitoring and warning equipment.

　　EHS.CN注：

　　Notes by EHS.CN

　　征求意见稿中，简单地要求配备粉尘防爆电气设备，到最终发布版8.1～8.4要求符合相应标准要求，要求更严、更高。因电气设备产生火花导致粉尘爆炸也屡见不鲜，如：

　　In the consultation draft, it just simply proposed the requirements of installing the dust ignition-proof equipment. But the requirements 8.1～8.4 stated in the issued version meet relevant standards, which are more stringent. The cases of dust explosion caused by electrical equipment's ignition are not rare.

　　2016年6月19日，温州某摩托车配件公司铝粉尘爆炸，事故直接原因：涉尘企业使用不符合规范要求的除尘设施排尘，导致铝粉长期积累于墙体内，形成粉尘云，遇现场不符合防爆要求的电气产生的火花而引发爆炸。

　　On June 19, 2016, aluminum dust explosion occurred in a motorcycle accessories company in Wenzhou, and the direct cause of the accident was that the dust removal facility used by the company did not meet standards and requirements, causing long-term accumulation of aluminum in the wall, forming a dust cloud, which met the sparks caused by electrical equipment failing to meet the requirements of ignition-proof, resulting in an explosion.

　　电气方面的内容较为专业，EHS人如何利用自身已有知识或是调动其他可利用的资源，将电气管理要点融入到日常安全管理工作中，做到不遗漏。

　　Requirements related to electrical equipment are professional, so EHS personnel shall apply their own knowledge or mobilize other available resources into the daily safety management and achieve zero omission.

　　三、作业安全管理——要求更具体

　　Thirdly, it is about the safety management for the operation -- requirements are much more specific.

　　11.1作业人员应经培训考核合格，方准上岗。

　　11.1 The operators shall go to his post after passing the training exam.

　　11.2粉尘爆炸环境危险区域作业的人员应穿着防静电工装、防尘口罩。

　　11.2 Operators working in the dangerous areas with dust explosive environment shall wear 　　anti-static work clothes and dust masks.

　　11.3应检查确认电气设备及工具的电气连接导线绝缘层完好，电气设备可靠接地，防爆电气设备无异常。

　　11.3 It shall be checked that the insulation layer of electrical connection wire connecting electrical equipment and tools is in good condition, the electrical equipment is perfectly grounding, and the ignition-proof electrical equipment are under normal condition.

　　11.4作业前应检查确认作业岗位、吸尘罩或洗尘柜无积尘，除尘设备的灰斗、收尘容器(桶)已清灰。

　　11.4 Before operation, it shall be made sure that there are no dust over the operation position, dust hood or the vacuum cleaner, and the dust in the ash bucket of dust removal facilities or in the dust collecting container (barrel) shall be cleaned.

　　11.5作业前10min应开启除尘系统。

　　11.5 The dust removal system shall be turned on 10 minutes before the operation.

　　11.6应进行除尘系统安全检查确认…

　　11.6 The security check of dust removal system shall be carried out…

　　11.7不得使用产生碰撞火花的作业工具，作业工位区域的粉尘应及时清理。

　　11.7 Operation tools producing collision sparks cannot be used, dust in the operation area shall be cleaned in a timely manner.

　　11.9除尘系统异常停机，或在除尘系统停机期间、或作业区域空气中粉尘浓度超标时，应停止作业。

　　11.9 When the dust removal system shutdowns abnormally or the dust concentration in the air exceeds the standard in the operation area, or during the non-performing period of dust removal system, the operation shall stop.

　　11.10作业过程在作业区不得进行动火作业及检查维修作业。如需动火作业及检维修作业应在完全停止铝镁制品机械加工作业的状况下进行，动火作业应按照要求采取防火安全措施。

　　11.10 During the operation process, the work involving the use of fire and the maintenance work is not allowed to be carried out. They can be carried out only after the mechanical processing operation of aluminum and magnesium products is completely stopped. Precautions against fire shall be carried out according to requirements during the work involving the use of fire.

　　EHS.CN注：

　　Notes by EHS.CN

　　铝镁制品机械加工企业，如何管理好粉尘，是重点，亦是难点。这些企业日常安全管理工作的好坏，关乎企业经营效益，甚至决定着企业的生死存亡，因为一次爆炸被打回原形的例子屡见不鲜。对于铝镁制品机械加工企业，上述作业安全管理措施是强制性执行的，而对于其他产尘企业，也不妨以此为参考，或者直接作为其日常管理措施。

　　It is an important but difficult point that how mechanical processing enterprises of aluminum and magnesium products control the dust well. The daily safety management of these enterprises is related to the business operational efficiency, and even determines whether the enterprises can survive, for the case that one explosion destroys a factory takes place again and again. For mechanical processing enterprises of aluminum and magnesium products, the above-mentioned operational safety management measures are compulsory, and for other enterprises producing dust can refer to it or follow it as routine management measures directly.

　　四、粉尘清理

　　Fourthly, it is about the dust cleaning.

　　12.1作业场所及设备、设施不得出现厚度大于0.8mm的积尘层，应及时进行粉尘清理，清理周期及部位应包括但不限于下列要求：

　　12.1 The thickness of the dust over the operating places, equipment and facilities shall be less than 0.8mm, and the dust shall be cleaned in a timely manner, the cleansing period and areas include but do not limit to the followings:

　　A)至少每班清理的部位：作业工位及使用的工具…

　　B)至少每周清理的部位：作业区的机械加工设备…

　　C)至少每月清理的部位：作业区建筑物墙面、门窗、地面及沟槽…

　　Ø areas that should be cleaned at least once during one operation period: the operation post and tools used…

　　Ø areas that should be cleaned at least once a week: the mechanical processing facilities in the operating area…

　　Ø areas that should be cleaned at least once a month: walls of the building, doors and windows, floor and grooves in the operating area…

　　12.2清理作业时，采用不产生扬尘的清扫方式和不产生火花的清扫工具。

　　12.2 When cleaning, the cleaning method of not causing raising dust and the cleaning tools of not producing sparks shall be used.

　　12.3清扫、收集的粉尘应防止与铁锈、水或其他化学物质接触或受潮发生放热反应产生自燃，应装入经防锈蚀表面处理的非铝制金属材料或防静电材料制成的容器(桶)内，且存放在制定的安全区域，收集的粉尘应做无害化处置。

　　12.3 Dust being cleaned and collected shall be kept away from the corrosion, water or other chemical substances or be prevented from self-ignition caused by the exothermal reaction of dampness, shall be placed into the containers (barrels) made from non-aluminum metal materials or antistatic materials whose surface has been through the anti-rust treatment, and the dust collected shall go through the harmless treatment.

　　EHS.CN小结：

　　Conclusion by EHS.CN

　　粉尘有多么危险，无需多言，EHS人都懂得，但EHS人的老板、上司却不一定懂得。粉尘接触多了，可导致尘肺，这是慢性的;粉尘爆炸了，这可能是要丢饭碗、进监狱，甚至是掉脑袋的…

　　It is well known that how dangerous dust is. Every EHS person knows, but bosses or superiors may not. People can catch pneumoconiosis when exposed in the dust, which is a chronic disease. If the dust explodes, it may make you loss your job, be put into prison or even be sentenced to death.

　　粉尘危害严重、存在粉尘爆炸危险区域的企业，EHS人不妨将所有的涉及粉尘的法律法规条款(强制性的、推荐性的)整理出清单列表，一条一条看，仔细看，并将其转化为公司对粉尘的管理制度和措施，从严执行。

　　EHS personnel working for enterprises with serious dust risk or dangerous areas of dust explosion might make a list of all laws and regulations related to dust (compulsory and recommendatory), carefully looking into them one by one, transfer them into the corporate management system and measures for dust and implement them strictly.

　　同时，EHS人还需收集最近发生的粉尘爆炸安全事故，新闻报道、图标、视频、判刑等，给老板看，给一线员工看，直到老板支持EHS人的工作、一线员工遵守涉及粉尘的安全管理制度和措施。

　　Meanwhile, EHS personnel also need to collect latest news reports, icons, videos, cases related to safety accidents of dust explosions, and provide them to bosses and the front-line staff utile the boss support EHS personnel's work and until the front-line staff follow the safety management system and rules related to dust.

　　如此，方可将粉尘爆炸危险降到最低，企业方能够长期生存下来，可持续发展才有可能。

　　Therefore, the danger of dust explosion can be minimized, enterprises can survive for long, and the sustainable development will be possible.